Apparatus for producing an explosive or combustible mixture of liquid fuel and air.



G. E. DAWSON.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN EXPLOSIVE 0R GOMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE 0P LIQUID FUEL AND AIR.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.5,1912.

Patented June 18, 1912.

2' SHEETS-SHEETI.

5) IW MA ATTOR/VZVS C. E. DAWSON. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AN EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE OF LIQUID FUEL AND AIR.

APPLICATION TILED MAR.5,1912.

IIVI [II/TCM CHARLES f. JAWJ'ZW @YIILUU MR ATTOR/VEVS 2 11 Z 9 T 1 E 8 m 1 A m m d s L b 2 n m a P 1 2 It 2 a i z .n w d 5 1 6 0a m n P m mm; W m 6 u 7 9 Z O m 1m 0 z N, z 0 VJ 17E w zw 1 UNITEI) STATES PA TENT OFFICE,

, cHA RLEs ER NEs'rrAWso or TEDDINGTON,

YIAPIARATUS FOR PRODUCING annxrhoslvn on. COMBUSTIBLEiQiVIfiCTfiRE"oi iidUifi FUEL, AND AIR.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ERNEST I)AWSON, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and' resident of 3 Ferry road,

land, mechanical engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Producing an Explosive or Combustible Mixture of Liquid Fuel and Air,

.of which the followingis a specification.

' This inventionrelates to carburetors, that is to say, apparatus for producing an ex- 'Zle to the 'atomizing and mixing chamber concentrically with a stream of heated air which iscaused by a primary mixing cone or cones of the usual character to impinge upon the stream of fuel so as to produce therewith what may be termed the primary 'inixturc, while additional supplies of air are admitted to the chamber through lateral ports; concentrically arranged annular baifies of conical form being employed to control the course of the mixture during its passage through the chamber,

According to the present invention the strrx'nizing and mixin hamber is provided, advance of the primary cone or cones with successive annular baliies of substani liy" conoidal form, arranged concentrieaiiy with the fuel nozzleand mixing cone or cones and projecting inward from the wall of the chamber in a direction opposed to that of the main or central stream which 'iss ues--'from the primary mixing cone or cones; these annular battles being adapted to cause centripetal or convergent currents of air, ajdmitted through lateral ports provided in the wall of the chamber, to impinge "upon the main or central stream in a direction normal or contrary to that of the flow of said stream, in such manner as to prevent 'contact'of the fuei with the Walls of the chamber until the condition of a 'substan tially permanent'gas has been attained,

' The atomizing and -mixing chamber is cylindrical, and the admission of air through the lateral ports in the well of the chamber Teddin'gton, in the "county of Middlesex, Eng-.

Specification of Letters Patent. 1111018, 1912} Application filed March 5, 1912. Serial No. 681,796.

is regulable at will means of are-wry valve-sleeve concentric with the chan'ib'erand adapted to control th e portopen ingsf wliile the admission of fuel flto itl le -atomizing'nozi zle is concurrently controlledlay a Valve-so geared to said rotary valve-sleeve that the quantity of fuel admitted wil helmet-eased or diminished according as "the -aireinle't ports are opened morei-ors lessWidelym I 1 In the accompanyingdrawings Figured is a vertical section through one fermiof car bureter for an internal combustionconstructed accordingto-theirwention. I 2 is a like view of a slightly modified'ifohm; Referring first more-particularly to Fig,

1, the cylindrical outer casing-a ofcthe atom izing and mixing clranibcr'isrscrewed on to a flange upstandmgvfromaplate bco'rr- 'stituting an' extension of= thecbottom 'of a float chambers. In this plate b is. drilled'a passage d terminating atoneen cl in the jet e and at the other end'in-wthe'*floatichirniberi The jet 6 is surroundedby anozz'let fiiwhich constitutes the primary mixingfienerandEto which the pipe 9 leads throughizr passage in the plate 1). Within the casi-ng'm fits-la lining' '1 h adapted to be turned'lb lever? and hav ing segmental slots Wh1ch,' when"tha lining is in a certain position, register witih -like slots is in the casing flhet'extentxoff t-he opening afl'orded by the slots k? may. 'be ad- I justed by turning thesleeveai rclativelyuto the casing a, the sleevevbeing'prow idedwith similar slots. A pipe Z OPGHSffITOIXH the upper part of the and asiinilarf-op eniing in the lining registers with thispipe when slots is and 70 are. in registerawithwoneam other; the pipe Z leads to the' intake'of Zthe engine. 1

Preferably there are 1 three flipper slats k, Z1, and three lower slots helium/equally f spaced around the lining. and:c21sing;;so;ihatwhen the lining h is turned through= ;.an angle of =(say)- 60 theslots and rtlie pipe Z are all closed, the lining thus servingetthe same time as the throttleralye andaasthe valve for controllingrthe slots ,QlfrpOlitfifilrt Obviously, in intermediate positions- -hi the lever 2' the pipe I and: ports fl t are mnreor less open. i f ,7

F or the purpose offeentrollingthe;supply of fuel at the same time as the supply 9i: air, the-lining it has cut inits ooter 'u gface an annular rackm 'Wh-iQll iSilfly-flfifld', i it-hga pinion amounted on the spindle'qpfthe needle-valve that closes the passage (1. In-

stead of being cut on the outer surface of the lining .h, the annular rack may be fixed to the top of the carbureter, as shown in Fig. 2, and, together with the pinion n, this rac may be readily changed when it is desired to alter the ratio of the gear. W hen the lever i is turned, the needle-valve spindle 0 is rotated on its axis, and by means of the screw thread 0 closes or opens the passage (5 more or less.

Within the lining h is fixed the liner p, which is so shaped as to present in succession the downwardly directed truncated cones n. which constitute the annular battles for intermixing the air admitted through the respective sets of ports is with the air and .vapor issuing from the nozzle J, an annular baffle p being provided in connection with each set of ports k. The central openings presented by successive battles should increase progressively in diameter, and should be suitably proportioned to the areas of the nozzles f and pipe Z, respectively, while the first or lowest battle should be adapted to cause the centripetal currents of air, admitted through the corresponding ports Iv, to impinge upon the 'main or central stream (which issues from the mixing cone f) in direction approximately normal to that of said stream. the subsequent batlle or batfies being adapted to cause the centripetal currents of air respectively controlled by them to impinge in a direction substantially the reverse of that' of the central stream. To bring about these results, first battle 7)" nearest to the nozzle f is provided with a convex operative surface which is adapted todirect the currents of air entering through the respective ports is downwardly and horizontally to impinge on the main or vapor carrying stream at substantially right angles; while the second battle 72 is provided with a concave operative surface which is adapted to direct the air currents entering through its ports I; inwardly and downwardly so as to meet or oppose the vapor carrying stream; the action of the two battles being such as to thoroughly inter-mix the air and vapor and insure a substantially permanent and uniform gas mixture.

The'drawings show two sets.of ports I: and battles 2 but more than two sets of such ports and battles may be used.

For limiting the minimum opening of the throttle, there may be an adjustable stop, such as the screw h (Fig. 2) working in a lug h of the cover 1L3 and adapted to strike against a bracket of carried by the casing a. I p

The float chamber is connected with the oil-reservoir through the pipe q wh ch 13 controlled by the spring-urged ball 1* 1n the usual manner.

The air drawn through the pipe 9 is heated in a known manner by the exhaust of the engine or otherwise, and if it should be found desirable to adjust the temperature of this air. without varying the source of heat, an externally opening port 9 in the pipe 9 may be controlled a rotatable sleeve 9 Claims:

1. In a carbureter, the combination of a chamber having an outlet near one end, a jet for delivering liquid fuel centrally into said chamber near the opposite end thereof, a convergent nozzle for delivering heated air into the chamber around and in advance of said jet, a series of annular battles projecting in succession inward from the wall of the chamber in advance of and concern trically with said nozzle and each having the form of a hollow truncated cone whose diameter increases in the direction of the flow of fluid through the chamber, said chamber being proi'ide'd with annular series of lateral air-inlets for'coacting with the respective annular baflles and each situated in advance of the central opening of the corresponding battle.

2. In a carbureter, the combination of a chamber having an outlet near one end, a jet for delivering liquid fuel centrally into said chamber near the opposite end thereof, a convergent nozzle for delivering heated air into the chamber around and in advance of said jet, an annular bafile projecting incurved, a similar annular battle situated in advance of the first mentioned battle but having the profile of its operative surface concavely curved, said chamber being provided with annular series of lateral air-inlets for coactingwith the respective annular baffles, each series being situated in advance of the central opening of the'corresponding battle.

3. In a carbureter, the combination of a chamber having an outlet near one end, a jet for delivering liquid fuel into.said chamber near the opposite endthereof, a convergent nozzle for delivering heated air into the chamber around and in advance of said jet, a series of annular baffles projecting in succession inward from the wall of the chamber in advance of and-concentrically with said nozzle and each having the form of a hollow truncated cone whose diameter increases in the direction of the flow of fluid through the chamber, said chamber being provided with annular series of lateral airinlets for coacting with the respective annular bafiies and each situated in advance of the central opening of the corresponding baflie, and means for regulating the effective area of said air-inlets. I

4. In a carbureter, the combination of a chamber having an outlet near one end, a jet for delivering liquid fuel into said cham ber near the opposite end thereof, a convergent nozzle for delivering heated air into the chamber around and in advance of said jet, a series of annular baflies projecting in succession inward from the walls of the chamber in advance of and concentrically with said nozzle and each having the form of a hollow truncated cone whose diaineter increases in the direction of the flow of fluid through the chamber, said chamber being provided with annular series of lateral air-inlets for coacting with the respective annular baffles and each situated in advance of the lateral opening of the corresponding battle, and means for concurrently varying the effective area of said air-inlets and the quantity of liquid fuel delivered through the aforesaid jet.

5. Ina carbureter, the combination of a chamber having an outlet near one end, a jet for delivering liquid fuel into said chamber near the opposite end thereof, a convergent nozzle for delivering heated air into the chamber around and in advance of said jet, aseries of annular baities projecting in succession inward from the wall of the chamber in advance of; and concentrically with said nozzle and each having the form of a hollow truncated cone whosediameter increases in the direction of the flow of fluid through the chamber, said chamber being provided with annular series of lateral airinlets for coacting with the res ective annular bafiies and each situated'in advance of the central opening of the corresponding battle, and means for concurrently varying the effective area of said air inlets and of the outlet from the chamber and also the quantity of liquid fuel delivered through the aforesaid jet.

6. In a carbureter, the combination of a cylindrical chamber having an outlet near one end, a jet for delivering liquid fuel centrally into said chamber near the opposite end thereof, a convergent nozzle for delivering heated air into the chamber around and in advance of said jet, a series of annular battles projecting in succession inward from the wall of the chamber in advance of said nozzle and eachi having the form of a truncated cone whesediameter increases in the direction of the flow of fluidthrough the cylindrical chamber, said chamber being provided with annular series of'l ateral airdrical chamber and pIfQ'Vid apertures severallyadapted j the openings'of the respectivean'iiular series of lateral air-inlets. 7,

7. In a carbureter,thefcojn atio'i with a source of liquid fuel supp A a of afi ylipdrical chamber having an outlet rie end, a duct leading'fro-m the "so ciao ftelsuppl'y I into said chamber, a valve ductfor controlling the passage of-iliqjrid titeltherethrough, a stationary rip, a rotary screwthrcaded spindle engagiri for. reg ulating the opening atfordegd liy saidlvalve, a jet forming the termination amm within the cylindrical chamber near the: end thereof opposite to the lateralpiitlet,,appassag'e for delivering heated-airipfdthecylim drical chamber, a nozzle fgi nang tl eiini.

nation of said passage ivithlnlsaid,,claniber tedcene con-.

and shaped as a hollow t'ri pc'; vergent about and in advande supply jet, a series of jecting in succession inward f,r( .l h of the'cylindrirail chamber .inaglaa nozzle and each having the truncated cone whose diameter 7 the direction of the advance f M the chamber, lateral 'airiinl e ngeg jinuniia 7'9 te coactin with the respective rip ,baftilem, the del veryapertures o;if,,.th e; ye air- Y inlets being, presentedv grin m seriesin wall of the Cylindr cal,gh uiibcg in tl-. Vance of the central ,openiiigs., f;,thg orrear als fia e. coacentrially and in contact 'wit the wall cation with the interiorgif 'ofthe cylindrical chamber and provided with annular series of apertures severally adapted to register with the delivery apertures of the respective lateral air-inlets, and gearing interposed between said sleeve and the aforesaid Screw-threaded spindle.

8. In a'carbureter, the combination with a source of liquid fuel supplyyof a cylindrical chamber havin a lateral outlet near one end, a duct leading from source of liquid fuel supply into said chamber, a valve on said duct for controlling the passage of liquid fuel therethrough, a stationary nut, a retary screw-threaded spindle engaging said nut for regulating the opening afforded by said valve, a jet forming the termination of said duct within the cylindrical chamber near the end thereof opposite to the lateral outlet, a passage for delivering heated air into the cylindrical chamber, a nozzle fornr ing, the termination of said passage within said chamber and shaped,as a hollow truncated'cone convergent about and in advance of the fuel-supply jet, a series of annular form of a. hollow truncatedcone whose di- 13o ameter increases in the direction of the adchamber and provided with annular series of apertures severally adapted to register with the delivery apertures of the respective lateral air-inlets, gearing interposed between said sleeve and the aforesaid screw-threaded spindle, and a portin the wall of said sleeve so situated as to be adapted to register with the lateral outlet of the cylindrical chamber when the apertures in said sleeve register with the delivery openings of the lateral airinlets in the wall of said chamber.

9. In a carbureter, the combination with a source of liquid fuel supply, of a cylindrical chamberhaving a lateral outlet near one end, a duct leading from the source of liquid supply into said chamber, a valve on said duct for controlling the passage of liquid fuel therethrough, a stationary nut, a rotary screwthreaded spindleengaging said nut for regulating the opening afforded by said valve, a

jet forming the termination of said duct within the cylindrical chamber near the end thereof opposite to the lateral outlet, a passage for delivering heated air into the cylindrical chamber, a nozzle forming the termination of said passage within said-chamber and shaped as a hollow truncated cone convergent about and in advance of the fuelsupply jet, a series of annular bafiies projecting in succession inward from the walls of the cylindrical chamber in advanceof said nozzle and each having the form of a hollow truncated cone whose diameter increases in the direction of the advance of fluid through the chamber, lateral air-inlets in communication with the interior of said chamber for coacting with the respective annular bafiles, the delivery apertures of the respective airinlets being presented in annular series in the wall of the cylindrical chamber in advance of the central openings of the corresponding annular .baflles, a sleeve rotatable concentrically and in contact with the wall of the cylindrical chamber and provided with annular series of apertures severally adapted to register with the del very apertures of the respective lateral air-1nlets,gearing interposed between said sleeve and the aforesaid screw-threadedspindle, a port in the wall of said sleeve so situated as to be adapted to register with the lateral outlet of the cylindrical chamber when the apertures in said sleeve register with the delivery openings of the lateral air-inlets in the wall of said chamber, and means for adjusting the maximum effective area of said apertures in the sleeve and of the delivery openings of said lateral air-inlets.

CHARLES ERNEST DAWSON.

Witnesses:'

GEORGE E. MINTERN, FLORENCE GIESSMANN.- 

